Apparatus for molding hollow articles.



No. 737,854. PATEN'TBD SEPT. 1, 1903. J. G. MORRISON.

APPARATUS FOR MOLDING HOLLOW ARTICLES- APPLICATION nun) no. so, 1902.

no 101131.. -a snnms snnn'r 1.

$VETNES ES:

No. 737,854. 7 PATENTED SEPT. 1, 190 s.

J. a. momuson.

APPARATUS FOR MOLDING HOLLOW ARTICLES.

APPLICATION nun 11nd. so, 1902. no MODEL. a SHEETS-SHEET 2;

mTN SE: I INVENTORv ATTORNEY PATBNTED SEPT. 1, 1903.-

J. G. MORRISON.

APPARATUS FOR MOLDING HOLLOW ARTICLES.

APPLICATION TILED D110. 30, 1902.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 3- ATTORNEY v UNlTED STATES Patented September 1, 1903.

JOHN G. MORRISON, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

APPARATUS FOR MOLDING HOLLOW ARTICLES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 737,854, datedSeptember 1, 1903.

Application filed December 80, 1902. Serial No. 137,196. (No model) To(all whom, it ntrty concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN G. MORRISON, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of the borough of Brooklyn, in the city of New York,county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented a certain new anduseful Improvement in Apparatus for Use in Molding Hollow Articles, ofwhich the following is a specification.

In the molding of hollow articles as heretofore practiced two differentmethods have been pursued, in one of which the core that forms anddetermines the interior shape and configuration of the article isconstructed of a hard and unyielding composition, usually composed ofmolders sand, flour, and molasses or beer, which after having been castor otherwise fashioned in the required shape is baked until it becomes arigid mass and is usually known as a d ry-sand core, while in the otherof which the core is formed from the usual molders sand at the time ofmolding the article and is known to the art as a green-sand core. \Vhenthe first of these methods is employed, the pattern of the article to becast is preferably made solid, with properly-shaped projections at itsends or other appropriate places for forming recesses in the sand forthe reception of the ends of the core or other projections thereon afterthe molding operation has been completed, and is divided axially oralong some other appropriate line, whereby the two parts may beseparated when desired or brought together, being detachably held inplace when so united by appropriate dowels in one part enteringcorresponding holes in the other. constructed the molding of the articleis offected by the use of a two-part flask, one of which parts isusually called a nowel and the other of which is usually designated acope, with a smooth plain board of the length and breadth of the flask.With'the apparatus and pattern constructed as thus described the moldingof the article is eifeoted by separating the parts of the pattern andplacing the flat portion of one of the parts upon the board, after whichthe nowel is placed upon the board over the pattern and the part of theflask thus disposed rammed up, as it is usually called, with sand, bywhich is meant filling this portion of the flask of the nowel.

As thus with sand and firmly compacting it therein. This operationhaving been completed, the nowel is raised from the board and turnedupside down, the other portion of the pattern then placed upon the partalready contained therein, the-surface of the sand thus turned upwardnext sprinkled wit-h dry or what is known as separating sand, and thecope then placed in proper position upon the nowel, following which thispart of the flask is then rammed up with sand or filled with the sameand properly compacted, as with the sand This ramming up of the twoparts of the flask having been thus completed, the cope is removed fromthe nowel and turned upon its back, after which the pattern is liftedfrom the sand and the previouslyconstructed core placed in properposition in the matrix of the article thus formed, with its projectingends resting in the recesses that have been formed therein by theprojections on the pattern. The cope and nowel are then brought togetherand are ready for receiving the molten iron or other material, which ispoured through asuitable hole, called the sprue-hole, leading from theexterior of the cope to the matrix. When, on the other hand, the otherof these methods is adopted, a two-part flask, composed of a nowel and acope and two smooth plain boards of approximately the length and breadthof the flask and called, respectively, a moldboard and a flask-board, isemployed, and the pattern, which is likewise separable on a line passingthrough its center or other appropriate point, is constructed hollow andis usually known to the art as a shell-pattern. With the several partsconstructed as thus described when the molding of the article is to beeifected the parts of the pattern are separated and the interior of oneof these parts rammed up with sand to form one part of the core. Theportion of the pattern thus filled with sand is then placed upon themold-board with its concave face downward after the sand compacted inits'interior has been smoothed oft, the nowel then placed over it on themold-board and rammed up with sand, forming thereby a matrix of one halfof the exterior of the article to be produced. The flask-board is thenplaced over the top of the nowel, the nowel raised from in whichposition it is allowed to rest upon the flask-board, with the portion ofthe pattern over which it was placed and its contained portion of thecore retained therein.

To the portion of the pattern thus contained in the sand of the nowel isthen applied the remaining portion of the pattern and its interiorrammed up with sand driven in at its ends, forming with that containedin the portion of the pattern in the nowel the completed core. The corehaving been thus completed, the surface of the sand in the upturnednowel is then covered with dry or separating sand, the cope applied tothe nowel and filled and rammed up with sand, and a matrix of theexterior of the other half of the article to be produced therebycompleted. The cope .is then removed from the nowel and turned upsidedown and allowed to rest upon the flask-board. The portion of thepattern projecting upward from the nowel is then removed from the coreand the core itself removed from the portion of the pattern remaining inthe sand of the nowel. This having been accomplished, the portion of thepattern remaining in the sand of the nowel is then removed, the corereturned to the matrix in the nowel, with its ends resting in therecesses formed in the sand to receive them, and the cope placed inproper position upon the nowel, when the mold for the article iscompleted and ready to receive the molten metal, which may be suppliedthereto through a suitable spruehole prepared in the sand of the cope toreceive it. These two methods of molding while effective to a limitedextent in the production of certain articles are found objectionablewhen employed in the production of others, principally because of thecost of the core in the one and the difficulty of handling thecore inthe other, which in consequence of its fragile character is extremelylikely to fall to pieces when disturbed.

It is to the latter of these methods of procedure that my invention moreparticularly relates; and it has for its object to provide means wherebythe objections above pointed out may be obviated and the molding ofhollow articles with green-sand cores not only simplified andfacilitated, but the cost thereof greatly cheapened.

To these ends the invention consists in the peculiarly-constructedapparatus by means of which the molding is effected, all as willhereinafter more fully appear.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of thisspecification, Figure 1 is a perspective view of my invention, showingthe several parts thereof separated the one from the other for purposesof illustration; Fig. 2, alongitudinal sectional view of thematch-plate, taken in the plane a: a; of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a similarlongitudinal sectional view of the mold-board,taken in the plane y y ofFig. 1; Fig. 4, a plan view of the matchplate and mold-board,showing themanner of forming the core of the article to be molded; Fig. 5, atransverse section of the matchplate, the mold-board, and the nowelsuperposed the one upon the other and showing the manner of bringing thetwo parts of the core together after having been molded and transferringthe portion of the pattern from the mold-board to the match-plate; Fig.6, a perspective view of the match-plate and mold.- board, showing themold-board swung back from off the match-plate and the core and thedetachable portion of the pattern resting in and upon the match-plate;Fig. 7, a perspective view of the nowel, the match-plate, and copedeposited the one upon the other with the nowel rammed up or compactedwith sand and a portion of the sand removed for purposes ofillustration, a portion of the pattern of the article being molded beingalso shown; Fig. 8, a perspective view of the nowel removed from thematch-board and cope and turned bottom side up, showing a matrix of onehalf of the article to be cast with the core resting therein; Fig. 9,aperspective view of the match-plate and cope turned upside down from theposition which they occupy in Figs. 1 and 7, with the cope resting uponthe match-plate and rammed up or compacted with sand and a portion ofthe sand removed for purposes of illustration, showing also a portion ofthe raised part of the match-plate that-forms a portion of the matrix ofthe article to be produced; Fig. 10, a longitudinal vertical section ofthe nowel and cope with the cope superposed upon the nowel, takenaxially through the matrix of the article to be cast, and showing thecore in longitudinal section; Fig. 11, a perspective view of the arborupon which the sand is compacted to form the core; Fig. 12, a plan viewthereof; Fig. 13, a detail sectional view of a portion of thematch-plate and the moldboard, showing also a form of connection bywhich the match-plate and mold-board may be detachably pivoted together;and Fig. 14, a side elevation of one of the forms of hollow articlesthat may be produced by the use of the invention, the same, being alength of tubing with a branch projecting therefrom and known to the artas a T branch.

In all the figures like letters of reference are employed to designatecorresponding parts.

A and B indicate the parts of a two-part flask, respectively, of whichthe part A is usually designated a nowel and the part B a cope. Thesetwo parts are preferably constructed of rectangular form, with open topsand bottoms, and are or may be severally provided in their respectiveinteriors with longitudinally-disposed grooves a, whereby to aid inholding the sand in those parts when it has been rammed up or compactedin them.

0 indicates a mold-board, which, as shown in the drawings, isconstructed of the proper shape and dimensions to adapt it to the flasksand other parts of the apparatus in connection with which it is to beemployed and is IOR provided in its face with a matrix 0, correspondingin size and shape to the exterior of one half of the article that is tobe molded and to the exterior of one half of the core that is to form orfashion the interior of such article and the ends thereof.

D indicates a match-plate which cooperates with the mold-board informing the core and with the nowel and cope in forming the exterior ofthe article to be molded. This matchplate is preferably constructedslightly larger than the flask and mold-board in connection with whichit is to be employed, with the middle portion 61 of its ends extendedsomewhat to form handholds whereby it may be readily handled when inuse, and instead of being made of some considerable thickness, as is thecase with the mold-board, it is, as its name implies, constructed inplate form of relatively small thickness with the form of the other halfof the article to be molded embossed therein, whereby a matrix for theexterior of half of the core and half of the ends thereof appeardepressed or in intaglio on one side, as shown at d, and a pattern ofthe exterior of half of the article to be molded raised or in rilievo onthe other, as shown at 61 As thus constructed the embossed portion ofthis match-plate is so disposed with respect to the matrix a in themold-board G that when the match-plate and the moldboard are swungupwardly together on the edge of the former and the side of the latterthis embossed portion will be brought directly opposite the matrix 0with the inner edges of its depressed portion d in coincidentrelationship to the interior edges of the pattern in the matrix 0 andthe outer edges of its raised portion (1 in coincident relationship tothe outer edges of such pattern, as shown in Fig. 5.

To insure of the bringing of this embossed portion of the match-plate Dinto the proper relationship to the matrix in the mold-board G when thematch-plate and mold-board are swung together, while yet permitting ofthe separation of the match-plate and the moldboard when required,various means may be adopted. I prefer, however, to employ for thispurpose open pivoted joints, which are disposed near the opposite endsof the matchplate and mold-board and consist of open bearings c andpivots d Of these the open bearings o are formed in the outer ends ofstands 0 which secured to extend outward from the side of the mold-board0 near its upper edge, while the pivots d are formed in or securedacross suitable recesses d formed in the edge of the match-plate D, asshown in Fig. 1. Vith the joints constructed as thus described theuniting of the match-plate and the mold-board and the swinging of thetwo upwardly together is efiected when required by moving the mold-boardtoward the matchplate until the open bearings c are passed over theirrespective pivots d and then swinging the two upwardly together on thebearings and pivots, while the separation of the match-plate from themold-board when thus swung together will be accomplished by swinging thetwo downward away from each other and drawing the mold-board back awayfrom the matchplate until the open bearings c thereon are removed fromengagement with the pivots d With the parts constructed as abovedescribed are preferably employed means whereby the convenient handlingof the nowel and cope may be effected and the proper location of theparts of'the matrix or mold in those devices to insure of the perfectregistry of these parts when such nowel and cope are brought togethernot only accomplished, but their retention in that relationship securedduring the casting operation. Of these the means whereby the handling ofthe nowel and cope may be effected consists of the handholds b, which,constructed with suitable bases by which they may be secured in placeand with outwardly-extending plates forengagementby the hands of theworkman, are secured to the opposite ends of those parts near theirupperor meeting edges,while the means for properly loeating the parts ofthe matrix or mold of the article in the nowel and cope and retainingthem in proper relationship when brought together consists of theupwardly-extending studs b and the correspondingly-shaped holes 19 withwhich these studs codperate. In some instances these studs may belocated at the front and back of the cope, in which cases the holeswhich correspondwith them will be formed through the front and rearedges of the match-plate and through suitable brackets secured to thefront and back of the nowel.

Iprefer, however, to secure them to the upper surface of the handholds bon the opposite ends of the cope and to form the correspondin g holesthrough the u pwardly-extending middle end portions 01 of thematch-plate and through the outwardly-extending plates of the handholdsb of the nowel and to construct the studs and cooperating holes at theopposite ends of the parts of a difierent crosssection as, for instance,of a rectangular form at one end and ofa circular contour at theother-whereby to prevent the joining of the portions of the matrix ormold of the article to be produced in reverse relationship whencompleted.

With the apparatus constructed as above set forth may be produced any ofthe various forms of hollow article that may be desired.

In the drawings I have shown the apparatus bossed portion of thematch-plate thereto and employing in connection with them a halfpatternof the appropriate design and configuration.

When the core that forms and determines the interior configuration ofthe article to be produced is not of too great a length or is of toodelicate a character it may be composed wholly of green sand without anyother support. On the other hand, when constructed of some considerablelength or it is of such a character that it cannot support itselfwithout assistance a metal arbor is usually employed asa support forit,and in Figs. 11 and 12 I have shown the construction of arbor that isusually employed. for the purpose when the form of article illustratedin Fig. 14 is to be produced, the same being composed of the bodyF, witha number of projectionsf extending outward therefrom along its lengthand with suitable enlargements f at its ends whereby to support it inthe matrix a of the mold-board, during the formation of the core andafterward to support the core itself when completed in the matrix ormold of the article to be produced in the nowel or cope, as shown inFig. 10.

With the parts constructed as above explained the operation of theapparatus in the molding of a hollow article-as, for instance, anordinary T branch-is as follows:

The half-pattern g of the article to be produced is first deposited inthe matrix 0 in the mold-board C, and the arbor F is then placed in thepattern with its ends f resting in the concave recesses at the end ofsuch matrix. The matrix d in the match-plate D and the interior of thehalf-pattern 9 around the arborF are then rammed up with sand until theyare completely filled. The surfaces of the sand thus compacted in themis then smoothed OE With a straight-edge until they are flush with therespective surfaces of the matchplate and mold-board, as shown in Fig.4:, and the two halves of the core h thereby completed. The mold-board Ois then moved toward the match-plate D until the open bearings c arepassed over their respective pivots d on the match-plate or to theposition shown in Fig. 4 and the mold-board and match-plate, with thecope B, swung upward from the position shown by dotted lines in Fig. 5to that shown by the full lines therein. In this position the mold-boardand matchplate are brought together and the parts of the core in thematrix d and in the interior of the pattern 9 united. The cope,match-plate, and mold-board are then turned over upon the cope and themold-board then swung back from the match-plate and detached therefrom,leaving the entire coreh in the recess 01 in the match-plate with thehalf-pattern resting thereon, as shown in Fig. 6. The nowel A is nextplaced over the match-plate and over the core h and half-pattern g andrammed up with sand G, as shown in Fig. 7. The nowel is then removedfrom the match-plate D and the half-pattern g removed from the core hand returned to the matrix 0 in the moldboard, leaving the core in thematrix (1 of the match-plate. The nowel A is then placed again over thematch-plate D and with the match-plate and the cope are turned upsidedown together and rested upon the bottom of the nowel, the result ofwhich operation is to transfer the core h from the matrix d in thematch-plate D to the portion of the matrix of the article that wasformed of the sand in the nowel A at the time it was rammed up, as

shown in Fig. 8. The cope B and match-plate D are then removed from thenowel A, and after having been deposited upon a suitable support and thesprue-pattern i deposited in proper position upon the match-plate thecope is then rammed up with sand H, as shown in Fig. 9. Thesprue-pattern is then withdrawn from the sand and the cope B removedfrom the match-plate D and placed in proper position upon the nowel Awith the studs 1) on the former entering the appropriate holes 19 in thelatter, when the molding of the article is completed and the mold readyfor the casting operation, as shown in Fig. 10.

It will thus be seen that with the appara tus described I not onlyobviate the handling of the core, and thereby the danger of destroyingit, butfso simplify the casting of hollow articles that a cheaper gradeof help may be employed in the molding operation with the consequenteffect of greatly cheapening the cost of manufacture.

It will of course be understood that in conducting the several steps inthe molding operation above specified dry or separating sand may beapplied to the surfaces where required and the different parts rappedwhen found necessary to separate them from the sand, as is common to themolding operations as ordinarily practiced.

While in the foregoing I have described the form of apparatus which Iprefer to use in practice, it is to be understood that I do not limitmyself strictly thereto, as it is obvious that modifications may be madein various parts of the same without departing from the spirit of myinvention.

Having now described my invention and specified certain of the ways inwhich it is or may be carried into effect, I claim and desire to secureby Letters Patent of the United States 1. The combination, with amatch-plate provided with a matrix of one half of the core of thearticle to be produced, of a mold-board provided with a cooperatingmatrix of one half the exterior of such article, substantially asdescribed.

2. The combination, with a match-plate provided with a matrix of onehalf of the core of the article to be produced, and a mold-boardprovided with a cooperating matrix of one half of the exterior of sucharticle, of means for detachably pivoting those parts together wherebythey may be swung upward toward,

and downward away from each other, substantially as described.

3. An apparatus for molding hollow articles, consisting of a nowel, acope, a matchplate, and a mold-board, the match-plate being provided inone of its faces with a matrix of one half of the core of the article tobe produced, and on its other with a raised pattern of one half of theexterior of such article, and the moldb0ard being similarly providedwith a matrix of the exterior of the other half of said article,substantially as described.

4. The combination, with the match-plate provided with a matrix of onehalf of the core

